OPINION | Africa stands on the frontline of climate change impacts, bearing the brunt of a crisis it has contributed little to. The continent, responsible for less than 4% of global carbon emissions, faces escalating challenges. More than 100 million Africans have suffered from water-related disasters that strain food supplies, ecosystems, and local economies. But Africa isn’t just enduring these hardships passively; it is actively mobilizing for change, championing critical international principles like the “Polluter Pays Principle,” which insists that those causing environmental harm should pay for its costs. Yet, despite these principles and the international support promised, Africa’s fight remains uphill.

As COP 29 approaches, there is renewed hope as African nations rally alongside their allies from Latin America, Asia, and the small island states. These vulnerable regions are amplifying calls for meaningful action and adaptation solutions to combat climate risks. This agenda, championed globally, was a key focus of COP 28, where governments reaffirmed the Paris Agreement’s ambitious goal to limit global warming to 1.5 degrees Celsius. More than just words, these commitments are intended to secure access to clean water, health, food security, poverty eradication, and resilient infrastructure. But will these pledges translate into actual survival for millions of Africans?

One of the continent’s most powerful voices, the African Group of Negotiators (AGN), is pressing for concessional financing. This funding, adjusted to meet the unique challenges African countries face, aligns with National Determined Contributions—roadmaps by which each nation outlines its climate action goals. The upcoming COP 29 in Baku will evaluate the progress toward these objectives, but for many, the real test is financial.

Omari Motsumi, Africa’s lead negotiator, paints a stark picture. “Africa needs USD 1.3 trillion every year between 2024 and 2030 to build resilience,” he emphasizes. Without these resources, the dream of a secure future may remain elusive for African farmers and communities already pushed to the brink by worsening droughts, floods, and desertification. Anthony Wolimbwa, Uganda’s National Coordinator for the Climate Action Network, echoes this sentiment, highlighting that the USD 1.3 trillion figure is not just a target—it’s a lifeline for the continent to address climate-driven devastation.

Acknowledging the mounting losses faced by African nations, COP 28 saw the establishment of a Loss and Damage Fund, with an initial pledge of USD 792 million to address both economic and non-economic losses in vulnerable countries. This fund symbolizes a beacon of hope, offering some relief to nations bearing climate-related burdens. Yet, the question remains: will these funds be enough?

In addition to financing, a robust mechanism is essential for reducing emissions, and the United Nations has introduced the Paris Agreement Crediting Mechanism. This framework encourages international cooperation to cut greenhouse gases, incorporating two new standards. The first standard focuses on assessing and developing projects, while the second centers on greenhouse gas removals, tackling emissions directly.

Africa has recognized the need for local action alongside global support. Countries across the continent are crafting laws and regulations targeting pollution control and climate resilience. With these efforts, African nations aspire to not only survive but to secure a sustainable future for generations to come.

Africa’s climate journey is about resilience, collaboration, and hope. While the road is undoubtedly steep, the continent’s commitment to a better future—despite daunting odds—serves as an inspiration. The collective voices of nations, communities, and leaders echo a fundamental truth: the fight for climate justice is far from over, but it is a battle worth every effort, for the sake of Africa’s people and the world.